We have seen how the problem of mutual human aggression was solved on the level of the national with the coming of civilization. This was, loosely speaking, an agreement among all that no one shall harm any other, with each submitting to an authority with the power to enforce this agreement and ensure that none shall need to resort to violence either for revenge, self-protection, or protection of one's interests. But we have seen this impossible on the international level. Several nations, for many reasons, are unable to have a common authority with sufficient power over them to achieve this scenario. And so on the level of the international this leads to a tragedy of the commons which any given nation is helpless to do anything about--if any given nation lays down its arms or even does not constantly increase and develop them, it will mean its desolation. And when all the nations do what is rational and act in accord with this necessity, it leads to desolation for the whole world, a drastic loss for the whole world, and gain for none except in the extreme short-term. This is the dynamic that has led to only an augment in the problem of history over time and has made it so far impossible for it to be solved.